Practice QuestionEASYGeneral ScienceBiology: Cell Structure & Human Organ Systems
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Which cellular organelle is universally referred to as the 'Powerhouse of the Cell' due to its role in ATP synthesis?

BPSC 5-Option Format
एटीपी (ATP) संश्लेषण में मुख्य भूमिका के कारण किस कोशिकांग को कोशिका का 'शक्ति गृह' (पावरहाउस) कहा जाता है?
ARibosome / राइबोसोम
BGolgi Apparatus / गॉल्जी काय
CMitochondria / माइटोकॉन्ड्रिया
Correct Answer
DMore than one of the above / उपर्युक्त में से एक से अधिक
ENone of the above / उपर्युक्त में से कोई नहीं
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Detailed Solution & Educational Explanation

Clear, student-friendly explanation of why the answer is correct

Mitochondria generate most of the chemical energy required by the cell through cellular respiration, producing ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate). Hence, they are known as the powerhouses of the cell.

माइटोकॉन्ड्रिया कोशिकीय श्वसन द्वारा ऊर्जा उत्पन्न करते हैं और एटीपी के रूप में संग्रहित करते हैं, इसलिए इन्हें कोशिका का पावरहाउस कहा जाता है।

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Option-by-Option In-Depth Analysis

Dissection of why each option is correct or incorrect

OptionStatusCritical Educational Reasoning
(A)
Ribosome / राइबोसोम
IncorrectIncorrect. Ribosomes are protein factories of the cell responsible for translating mRNA into polypeptide chains.
(B)
Golgi Apparatus / गॉल्जी काय
IncorrectIncorrect. The Golgi apparatus processes, sorts, and packages macromolecules for secretion or intracellular delivery.
(C)
Mitochondria / माइटोकॉन्ड्रिया
CorrectCorrect. Mitochondria possess double membranes and house the enzymes for the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, synthesizing ATP (cellular energy currency).
(D)
More than one of the above / उपर...
IncorrectIncorrect. Only mitochondria are designated as powerhouses.
(E)
None of the above / उपर्युक्त मे...
IncorrectIncorrect. Option C is correct.
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Underlying Concept & Subject Background

Master the topic deeply rather than simply memorizing the answer

Mitochondria are unique semiautonomous organelles found in eukaryotic organisms. They possess their own circular double-stranded DNA (mtDNA) and 70S ribosomes, supporting the endosymbiotic theory that mitochondria originated as primitive prokaryotes engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells. During aerobic cellular respiration, glucose is converted into pyruvate via glycolysis in the cytoplasm, which then enters the mitochondrial matrix for the Citric Acid Cycle.

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Important Facts to Remember

High-yield revision points frequently tested in BPSC TRE examinations

  • The inner mitochondrial membrane forms deep folds called 'cristae' to maximize surface area for ATP synthase enzymes.
  • ATP stands for Adenosine Triphosphate, often called the energy currency of the biological world.
  • Lysosomes, by contrast, are termed 'suicide bags' due to their hydrolytic digestive enzymes.
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Common Candidate Misconceptions

Avoid common traps and confusing options in this topic

Students sometimes confuse the site of Glycolysis with Mitochondria. Glycolysis takes place in the cell cytoplasm without requiring oxygen; only the aerobic stages (Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport System) occur inside mitochondria.

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Verified Sources & Academic Citations

Authoritative books, official notifications, and standard reference materials

  • NCERT Class 9 Science: Chapter 5 - The Fundamental Unit of Life
  • NCERT Class 11 Biology: Chapter 8 - Cell: The Unit of Life
  • SCERT Bihar Class 9 Vigyan Textbook

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